Direct sampling for digital predistortion calibration (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not

专利摘要:
A MIMO transceiver can include a communication chain configured to generate a signal at a first frequency. The communication chain may include a predistorter configured to accept predistortion parameters to predistort signals. The communication chain may include a PA to amplify the signals. The MIMO transceiver may include a DPD chain configured to receive the signal at the first frequency. The DPD chain may include a data converter to sample the signal using a sample rate based on a baseband frequency. The data converter can be configured to generate a sample signal based on the sampling of the signal. The DPD chain may include a buffer configured to buffer the sample signal. The MIMO transceiver may include DPD circuitry configured to calibrate the calibrated predistortion parameters based on the buffered sample signal to compensate for non-linearity in amplification provided by the PA in the communication chain. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
公开号:ES2848084A2
申请号:ES202031270
申请日:2020-12-18
公开日:2021-08-05
发明作者:Abhishek Kumar Agrawal；Hossein Dehghan
申请人:Semiconductor Components Industries LLC；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0002] Direct sampling for digital predistortion calibration
[0004] Countryside
[0006] The implementations discussed in the present description are related to direct sampling for a digital predistortion calibration.
[0008] Background
[0010] Unless otherwise indicated in the present description, the materials described in the present description are not prior art to the claims of the present application and are not admitted as prior art by their inclusion in this section.
[0012] Wireless networks (eg, wireless local area networks) may include a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver for communicatively coupling computing devices connected to the network. wireless network with each other and / or provide Internet access. The MIMO transceiver may include multiple communication chains to wirelessly receive signals from, and wirelessly transmit signals to, computing devices. The communication chains can include power amplifiers (PA amplifiers) that amplify the corresponding signals before transmission. APs can provide non-linear amplification of signals, which can lead to signal distortion and errors when signals are received by computing devices. Non-linearity in the amplification provided by the PAs can be compensated for by predistorting the signals before amplification by the PAs.
[0014] The subject matter claimed in the present description is not limited to implementations that overcome any disadvantages or that operate only in environments such as those described above. Rather, this background is only provided to illustrate an illustrative area of technology in which some of the implementations described in the present disclosure may be practiced.
[0016] Summary
[0018] This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form, which are further described in the Detailed Description below. This Summary is not intended to identify key characteristics or essential characteristics of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0020] One or more implementations of the present disclosure may include a MIMO transceiver. The MIMO transceiver can be configured for a digital pre-distortion (DPD) calibration. The MIMO transceiver may include a first communication chain. The first communication chain can be configured to generate a signal at a first frequency. The first communication chain may include a predistortion circuit. The predistortion circuit can be configured to accept predistortion parameters to predistort signals. The first communication chain can also include a PA. The PA can be configured to amplify the signals from the first communication chain. The MIMO transceiver can also include a DPD calibration string. The DPD calibration chain can be configured to receive the signal at the first frequency. The DPD calibration chain can include a data converter. The data converter can be configured to perform operations including sampling the signal at the first frequency.
[0021] The signal can be sampled using a sample rate based on a baseband frequency. The baseband frequency can be lower than the first frequency. The operations may also include generating a sample signal at the baseband frequency. The sample signal can be based on the sampling of the signal. The DPD calibration chain can also include a buffer. The buffer can be configured to buffer the sample signal at the baseband frequency. Furthermore, the MIMO transceiver may include a DPD circuit. The DPD circuit can be configured to calibrate predistortion parameters. Predistortion parameters can be calibrated based on the buffered sample signal to compensate for non-linearity in amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain.
[0022] One or more implementations of the present disclosure may include a method for operating a MIMO transceiver. The MIMO transceiver can be configured for a DPD calibration. The method may include generating a signal at a first frequency. The signal can be generated by a first communication chain of the MIMO transceiver. The first communication chain can include a PA. The method can also include sampling the signal at the first frequency. The signal can be sampled by a DPD calibration string. The signal can be sampled using a sample rate based on a baseband frequency. The baseband frequency can be lower than the first frequency. Furthermore, the method may include generating a sample signal at the baseband frequency. The sample signal can be generated based on sampling the signal. Furthermore, the method may include buffering the sample signal at the baseband frequency. The method may include calibrating predistortion parameters from the first communication chain. Predistortion parameters can be calibrated based on the buffered sample signal to compensate for non-linearity in amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain.
[0024] Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description that follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The characteristics and advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly indicated in the appended claims. These and other features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and the appended claims, or may be learned by practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter.
[0026] Brief description of the drawings
[0028] To further clarify the foregoing and other advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be offered by reference to specific implementations thereof which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings represent only illustrative implementations of the invention and, therefore, are not to be construed as limiting its scope. The invention will be described and explained in further detail and specificity through the use of the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0030] FIG. 1 illustrates an illustrative environment in which a wireless access point (WAP) can be implemented with a MIMO transceiver;
[0032] FIG. 2 illustrates an illustrative MIMO transceiver that can be implemented in the environment of Figure 1;
[0034] FIG. 3 illustrates another illustrative MIMO transceiver that can be implemented in the environment of Figure 1;
[0035] FIG. 4 illustrates yet another illustrative MIMO transceiver that can be implemented in the environment of Figure 1;
[0037] FIG. 5A illustrates an illustrative data converter circuit that can be implemented in the MIMO transceiver of Figure 1;
[0039] FIG. 5B illustrates another illustrative data converter circuit that may be implemented in the MIMO transceiver of Figure 1;
[0041] FIG. 6 illustrates an illustrative DPD circuit, DPD calibration chain, and communication chain that can be implemented in the MIMO transceiver of Figure 1;
[0042] FIG. 7 illustrates an illustrative environment that includes a WAP and wireless stations (STAs); and
[0044] FIG. 8 illustrates a flow chart of an illustrative method of operating a MIMO transceiver,
[0045] all according to at least one implementation described in the present description.
[0047] Detailed description of some illustrative implementations
[0049] Wireless networks (eg, WLANs) can include multiple wireless nodes or devices that communicate wirelessly with each other. In an illustrative implementation, the nodes may include a WAP, a relay, one or more STAs, and / or other wireless nodes. Each WAP, STA, and / or other wireless node can include a MIMO transceiver to send and / or receive wireless communications. Each MIMO transceiver can include multiple communication chains to allow simultaneous wireless communication between the MIMO transceiver and other wireless devices.
[0051] Each communication chain may include a receiving portion configured to wirelessly receive and process signals from other wireless devices. In addition, each communication chain can include a transmission portion configured to process and amplify signals prior to transmission. Furthermore, the transmission portions may include non-ideal components that cause distortion of the signals that are transmitted by the corresponding communication chains. For example, the transmitting portions may include a PA that provides non-linear amplification of a power level of the signals prior to transmission. The non-linearity of the amplification provided by the PAs can cause distortion in the signals. Distortion can degrade the signal quality and reduce the data rates of the corresponding signals.
[0053] Non-linearity in the amplification provided by the PAs can be compensated for by performing a DPD calibration and a DPD application for one or more of the communication chains. A DPD calibration can include calibrating predistortion parameters based on the non-linearity in the amplification provided by the PAs. In addition, an application of DPD may include predistortion of the signals (eg, the signals may be predistorted prior to amplification by the APs) based on the predistortion parameters. In some implementations, the signals can be predistorted in a direction opposite to the non-linear amplification provided by the PA to cause the power levels of the signals, after amplification, to approach expected power levels.
[0055] In some implementations, the MIMO transceiver may include a DPD circuit configured to observe PA amplification. In these implementations, the DPD circuit can calibrate the predistortion parameters based on the amplification observed by the APs. To perform DPD, MIMO transceivers can include one or more strings dedicated DPD calibration rods to observe the amplification provided by the PAs. In some DPD technologies, the DPD calibration chains can receive signals to perform a DPD of a corresponding communication chain. DPD calibration chains can receive signals at a first frequency. Additionally, DPD calibration strings can down-convert signals to a baseband frequency, which can be lower than the first frequency. In some DPD technologies, to downconvert signals to the baseband frequency, the DPD calibration chains can include various components such as mixers, subtractors, and filters.
[0057] These DPD technologies can make the MIMO transceiver circuit plan large due to the inclusion of components to downstream the signals. For example, each of the mixers, subtractors, and filters can augment a loop plant of DPD's calibration strings. Furthermore, these DPD technologies can increase the production cost of the MIMO transceiver due to the cost of the components in the dedicated DPD calibration strings. For example, each of the mixers, subtractors, and filters increases the production cost of the MIMO transceiver.
[0059] Some implementations described in the present description may allow DPD to be performed for the MIMO transceiver communication strings without downconverting the signals. In some implementations, the first communication chain may generate a signal at a first frequency after amplification by the corresponding PA. The DPD calibration chain can receive the signal at the first frequency.
[0061] The DPD calibration chain may include a data converter that samples the signal at the first frequency using a sample rate based on the baseband frequency. For example, the data converter may implement subsampling, downsampling, decimation, or any other suitable way of sampling a signal at the first frequency using the sampling rate based on the baseband frequency. Sampling the signal at the sampling rate based on the baseband frequency can cause the data converter to generate a sample signal at the baseband frequency based on portions of the signal within different signal periods of the signal.
[0063] The DPD calibration chain can buffer the sample signal at the baseband frequency. The DPD circuit can calibrate the predistortion parameters based on the sample signal buffered by the second communication chain. The predistortion parameters can be calibrated based on the non-linearity in the amplification provided by the PA.
[0065] Some implementations described in the present disclosure may reduce the MIMO transceiver circuit plan due to the fact that DPD calibration strings do not include components to downconvert signals. Furthermore, some implementations described in the present description may reduce the production cost of the MIMO transceiver because mixers, subtractors and filters may not be included in the MIMO transceiver. In addition, some implementations described in the present disclosure can improve the calibration of predistortion parameters by eliminating insertion loss of components in dedicated DPD calibration strings.
[0066] These and other implementations of the present description will be explained with reference to the accompanying figures. It is to be understood that the figures are diagrammatic and schematic representations of such illustrative implementations, and are not limiting, nor are they necessarily drawn to scale. In the figures, like-numbered features indicate like structure and function, unless otherwise described.
[0067] FIG. 1 illustrates an illustrative environment 100 in which a WAP 101 may be implemented with a MIMO transceiver 102, according to at least one implementation described in the present description. Environment 100 (eg, an operating environment) may also include a first computing device 105a and a second computing device 105b (collectively referred to herein as "computing devices 105"), each of which may include or be implemented as an STA.
[0069] The WAP 101 and computing devices 105 can create a wireless network. In some implementations, the WAP 101 may provide Internet access for computing devices 105. Illustrative computing devices 105 may include personal computers, printers, televisions, digital video disc players, security cameras, smartphones, tablets, smart devices, or any other suitable computing device configured for wireless communication. Accordingly, each of the computing devices 105 may include a MIMO transceiver similar to the MIMO transceiver 102. In some implementations, the MIMO transceivers of computing devices 105 may implement a DPD calibration and a DPD application as described herein.
[0071] The MIMO transceiver 102 of the WAP 101 may include multiple communication strings (not illustrated in Figure 1) to allow simultaneous communication between the MIMO transceiver 102 and both of the computing devices 105. For example, the first computing device 105a may transmitting signals to and receiving signals from a first communication chain from MIMO transceiver 102. As another example, the second computing device 105 can transmit signals to and receive signals from a second communication chain from the MIMO transceiver 102. The MIMO transceiver 102 may include four, eight, twelve, or any other suitable number of communication strings. The communication chains of the MIMO transceiver 102 are discussed in more detail below with reference to Figures 2-4 and 6.
[0073] Each communication chain can include a transmission portion. The transmitting portion may perform functions associated with transmitting the signals to the computing devices 105. The transmitting portions may include non-ideal components that cause distortion of the signals. For example, each of the transmission portions may include a PA that provides non-linear amplification of a power level of the corresponding signals. The non-linearity of the amplification provided by the PAs can cause distortion in the signals. Distortion of signals can degrade signal quality and reduce data rates of corresponding signals.
[0075] The MIMO transceiver 102 may include one or more DPD calibration strings (not illustrated in FIG. 1) to perform a DPD calibration using direct sampling. The MIMO transceiver 102 can perform a DPD calibration and a DPD application to compensate for non-linearity in the amplification provided by the PAs. A DPD calibration can include calibrating predistortion parameters based on the non-linearity in the amplification provided by the PAs. In addition, an application of DPD may include predistortion of the signals (eg, the signals may be distorted prior to amplification by the APs) based on the predistortion parameters. Each DPD calibration chain can receive signals to perform a DPD from the communication chains. The DPD calibration strings of the MIMO transceiver 102 are discussed in more detail below with reference to Figures 2-4 and 6.
[0077] FIG. 2 illustrates an illustrative MIMO transceiver 217 that may be implemented in the environment 100 of FIG. 1, in accordance with at least one implementation described in the present disclosure. The MIMO transceiver 217 may correspond to the MIMO transceiver 102 of FIG. 1. For example, the MIMO transceiver 217 can be configured to perform a DPD calibration using direct sampling.
[0078] The MIMO transceiver 217 may include a DPD circuit 220 and two or more communication chains. In the illustrated implementation, the MIMO transceiver 217 includes a first communication chain 210a, a second communication chain 210b, and an N-th communication chain 210n (collectively referred to herein as "communication chains 210"). As indicated by the ellipsis and the N-th communication string 210n in FIG. 2, the MIMO transceiver 217 may include any suitable number of communication strings 210.
[0080] The MIMO transceiver 217 may also include a first DPD calibration string 218a, a second DPD calibration string 218b, and an N-th DPD calibration string 218n (collectively referred to herein as "DPD calibration strings 218 ”). As indicated by the ellipsis and the N-th DPD calibration string 218n in FIG. 2, the MIMO transceiver 217 may include any suitable number of DPD calibration strings 218. In addition, the MIMO transceiver 217 may include a first coupler 232a, a second coupler 232b, and an N-th coupler 232n (collectively referred to herein as "couplers 232"). As indicated by the ellipsis and the N-th coupler 232n in Figure 2, the MIMO transceiver 217 may include any suitable number of couplers 232.
[0082] The first communication chain 210a may include a first PA 214a. The second communication chain 210b may include a second PA 214b. The first PA 214a and the second PA 214b can provide non-linear amplification of signals to be transmitted on the corresponding communication chains 210. To compensate for non-linear amplification, a DPD calibration and a DPD application can be performed for one or more of the communication chains 210. In some implementations, compensating for non-linear amplification of a signal may include one or a combination of two or more of the following: predistorting the signal, predistorting the signal by adding an inverse of non-linearity to the signal, predistorting the signal by introducing distortion inverse in the signal, correcting for phase and gain distortions in the signal, or canceling intermodulation products in the signal.
[0084] In some implementations, a DPD calibration can be performed before, during, or after the operation of the MIMO transceiver 217. For example, a DPD calibration can be performed during installation of the MIMO transceiver 217 in environment 100. As another example, a DPD calibration can be performed after a time interval has elapsed since it was last performed. a DPD calibration.
[0086] In some implementations, after the time interval has elapsed, a transmit time detector circuit 224 can determine whether communication is occurring between one or more of the communication chains 210 and the computing devices 105. For example, in In some implementations, the transmit timing detector circuit 224 may determine whether the transmitting portions of the communication chains 210 are transmitting and / or whether the receiving portions of the communication chains 210 are receiving. In some implementations, if communications are occurring, the MIMO transceiver 217 may wait for communications to end before performing a DPD calibration. Alternatively, in some implementations, the transmit timing detector circuit 224 may determine if communications are below a communication threshold before the MIMO transceiver 217 performs a DPD calibration. For example, the transmit time detector circuit 224 can determine whether a receive signal strength in one or more receive portions of the communication chains 210 of the computing devices 105 is below a threshold value such that the Signals that are being received by the receiving portions do not interfere with the signals that are being transmitted wirelessly by the transmitting portions of the communication chains 210. The threshold value can be Determine by subtracting a signal requirement for interference programmed in DPD circuit 220 from an expected receive signal strength of a signal transmitted wirelessly (e.g., coupled over the air) between the transmitting portions and the portions reception of communication chains. As yet another example, DPD calibration can be performed only during specific periods of time (eg, between 10:00 PM and 7:00 AM).
[0088] Next, an example of DPD calibration and DPD application involving the first communication chain 210a and the first DPD calibration chain 218a will be discussed. The first communication chain 210a may include one or more than a first predistorter circuit 212a, the first PA 214a, a first converter circuit 215a, and / or a first communication module 216a. The first DPD calibration chain 210a may include one or more of a first data converter circuit 228a and / or a first buffer 213a. The first predistortion circuit 212a may accept first predistortion parameters to predistort signals prior to transmission by the first communication module 216a. In addition, the first PA 214a can amplify the signals prior to transmission by the first communication module 216a.
[0090] The first communication chain 210a can generate a first signal at a first frequency. In some implementations, the first frequency can include a frequency within an RF band. The first PA 214a can amplify a power level of the first signal from an initial power level to an amplified power level. The first communication module 216a can receive the first signal at the first frequency and the amplified power level.
[0091] In some implementations, the first coupler 232a may couple the first communication chain 210a to the first DPD calibration chain 218a. For example, the first coupler 232a may couple the first communication module 216a to the first data converter circuit 228a. Each of the couplers 232 may include a radio frequency (RF) coupler or any other suitable frequency band coupler. In some implementations, a variable attenuator (not illustrated in FIG. 2) may be coupled between the first coupler 232a and the first data converter circuit 228a. In these and other implementations, the variable attenuator can receive the first signal at the first frequency and the amplified power level from the first coupler 232a. The variable attenuator can variably reduce a power level from the first signal at the first frequency to an intermediate power level.
[0093] The first data converter circuit 228a may receive the first signal at the first frequency and the intermediate power level through the first coupler 232a.
[0095] The first data converter circuit 228a may collect a sample of a first portion of the first signal within a signal period of the signal. The first data converter circuit 228a may increment a sample point to collect a sample from a second portion of the first signal within a later period of the first signal. This process can be repeated until the samples from each portion of the first signal can be folded together to represent the entirety of one cycle of the first signal. In some implementations, this process can be repeated to generate a single sample signal at the baseband frequency and amplified power level that includes multiple cycles generated in this way.
[0097] In some implementations, the signal period may correspond to a bandwidth of a signal waveform. In these and other implementations, the signal period may correspond to two, four, or any other suitable multiple of the waveform bandwidth. Additionally or alternatively, the signal period can be determined based on the baseband frequency. The sampling of signals to perform a DPD calibration is discussed in more detail below with reference to Figures 5A and 5B. The first buffer 213a may receive and buffer the first sample signal at the baseband frequency and the amplified power level.
[0098] The DPD circuit 220 may include a string isolator circuit 222 and an inverter circuit 226. The string isolator circuit 222 may receive the first sample signal at the baseband frequency and the amplified power level from the first buffer 213a. (eg, receive a buffered sample signal at the first frequency). String isolator circuit 222 may also receive the first signal at the baseband frequency and the initial power level. The string isolator circuit 222 can provide the first signal at the baseband frequency and the initial power level to the inverter circuit 226. In addition, the string isolator circuit 222 can provide the first sample signal at the baseband frequency and the power level amplified to inverter circuit 226.
[0100] The inverter circuit 226 can calibrate the first predistortion parameters based on the first sample signal received from the second buffer 213b. The first predistortion parameters can be calibrated to compensate for non-linearity in the amplification of the first signal provided by the first PA 214a. For example, in some implementations, the first predistortion parameters can be calibrated as an additive inverse of the non-linearity in the amplification provided by the first PA 214a.
[0101] In some implementations, the inverter circuit 226 may determine a difference between the first sample signal at the baseband frequency and the amplified power level and an expected signal at the baseband frequency and an expected power level. For example, a power level value of the first sample signal can be subtracted from a power level value of the expected signal to determine the difference between the amplified power level and the expected power level. The expected power level in this and other implementations can be stored in memory (eg, in a table of input power levels and expected output power levels), calculated on the fly (eg, based on in a desired linear relationship between the input power level and the expected output power level) or be determined or obtained in some other way. The inverter circuit 226 can calibrate the first predistortion parameters based on the difference between the amplified power level and the expected signal.
[0102] In some implementations, the inverter circuit 226 can generate the expected signal by scaling the first signal to the baseband frequency prior to amplification by the first PA 214a to the expected power level.
[0104] In some implementations, the inverter circuit 226 may compare the first sample signal at the baseband frequency and amplified power level with the first signal at the baseband frequency and the initial power level. For example, a value of the power level of the first signal at the initial power level can be subtracted from a value of the power level of the first sample signal at the amplified power level to determine a difference between the amplified power level and the initial power level. The initial power level in this and other implementations can be measured on the fly or determined or obtained in some other way. A difference between the amplified power level and the initial power level can be determined. The difference between the amplified power level and the initial power level can be compared to an amplification level that is expected to be provided by the first PA 214a. The inverter circuit 226 may calibrate the first predistortion parameters based on the difference between the amplified power level and the initial power level compared to the amplification level expected to be provided by the first PA 214a.
[0106] The inverter circuit 226 may provide the first predistortion parameters to the first predistortion circuit 212a. The first predistortion circuit 212a may predistort subsequent signals transmitted by the first communication module 216a based on the first predistortion parameters. In some implementations, predistortion circuit 212a can predistort subsequent signals by correcting phase and gain distortions, canceling intermodulation products, or both correcting phase and gain distortions and canceling intermodulation products. Alternatively or additionally, the first predistorter circuit 212a may predistort the downstream signals equal to the additive inverse of the non-linearity in the amplification provided by the first PA 214a. More generally, the predistorter circuit 212a can predistort the downstream signals by introducing reverse distortion into the downstream signals. The predistortion of the downstream signals can cause the downstream signals to be more linear when received by the computing devices 105. The first converter circuit 215a can upconvert the downstream signals from the baseband frequency to the first frequency.
[0108] Next, an example of DPD calibration and DPD application involving the second communication chain 210b and the second DPD calibration chain 218b will be discussed. The second communication chain 210b may include one or more than a second predistorter circuit 212b, the second PA 214b, a second converter circuit 215b and / or a second communication module 216b. The second DPD calibration string 210b may include one or more than a second data converter circuit 228b and / or a second buffer 213b. The second predistortion circuit 212b may accept second predistortion parameters to predistort signals prior to transmission by the second communication module 216b. In addition, the second PA 214b can amplify the signals prior to transmission by the second communication module 216b.
[0110] In some implementations, the DPD circuit 220 may also include a chain selector circuit 219. The string selector circuit 219 can selectively control which of the communication strings 210 generates corresponding signals to perform a DPD calibration. In these and other implementations, the string selector circuit 219, in response to the calibration of the first predistortion parameters, may provide a control signal to the communication strings 210. The control signal may indicate that the first communication chain 210a is to stop generating the first signal. In addition, the control signal may indicate that the second communication chain 210b is to start generating a second signal at the first frequency.
[0112] The second communication chain 210b can generate the second signal at the first frequency. The second PA 214b can amplify the power level of the second signal at the first frequency to the amplified power level. The second communication module 216b can receive the second signal at the amplified power level from the second PA 214b.
[0114] In some implementations, the second coupler 232b may couple the second communication chain 210b to the second DPD calibration chain 218b. For example, the second coupler 232b may couple the second communication module 216b to the second data converter circuit 228b. In some implementations, another variable attenuator (not illustrated in FIG. 2) may be coupled between the second coupler 232b and the second data converter circuit 228b. The variable attenuator can receive the second signal at the first frequency and the amplified power level from the second coupler 232b. The variable attenuator can variably reduce a power level of the second signal at the first frequency to the intermediate power level.
[0116] The second DPD calibration chain 218b can receive the second signal at the first frequency and the intermediate power level through the second coupler 232b.
[0118] The second data converter circuit 228b can generate a second sample signal at the baseband frequency and the amplified power level in the same or similar manner as the one previously analyzed in relation to the first sample signal. The second buffer 213b can receive and buffer the second sample signal at the baseband frequency and the amplified power level.
[0120] The string isolator circuit 222 may receive the second sample signal at the baseband frequency and the amplified power level from the second buffer 213b. String isolator circuit 222 may also receive the second signal at the baseband frequency and initial power level (eg, prior to amplification by the second PA 214b). The string isolator circuit 222 can provide the second signal at the baseband frequency and the initial power level to the inverter circuit 226. In addition, the string isolator circuit 222 can provide the second sample signal at the baseband frequency and the power level amplified to inverter circuit 226.
[0122] The inverter circuit 226 can calibrate the second predistortion parameters to compensate for non-linearity in the amplification of the second signal provided by the second PA 214b. The inverter circuit 226 can calibrate the second predistortion parameters in the same or similar manner as discussed above in connection with the first predistortion parameters. Furthermore, the second predistortion circuit 212b can predistort subsequent signals transmitted by the second communication module 216b based on the second predistortion parameters in a manner the same or similar to that in which the first predistortion circuit 212a predistorts subsequent signals to be transmitted. by the first communication module 216a based on the first predistortion parameters.
[0124] In some implementations, in response to the calibration of one or more of the predistortion parameters, the MIMO transceiver 217 may verify the performance of a DPD calibration and a DPD application for the corresponding communication strings 210. In these and other implementations, one or more link parameters can be determined for the corresponding communication strings 210. The link parameters after the performance of a DPD calibration and a DPD application can be compared to the corresponding link parameters before the performance of a DPD calibration and a DPD application. Link parameters can include an error vector magnitude (EVM), a modulation coding schema (MCS), an output power level on the corresponding PA 214s, or any other parameter. appropriate link.
[0126] In some implementations, the communication chains 210, in addition to generating and transmitting signals to perform a DPD calibration, can transmit signals representative of data to be provided to the computing devices 105. For example, the first PA 214a can amplify signals representative data and the first communication module 216a can wirelessly transmit the representative data signals to computing devices 105.
[0128] The receiving portions of the communication chains 210 may be linear receivers. Specific illustrative components of the receiving portions are described in more detail below with reference to Figure 6. The receiving portions that are configured as linear receivers can allow the various signals to propagate through the components within the portions of reception without introducing insertion loss or distortion.
[0130] In some implementations, an optimal communication chain may be selected from communication chains 210 to perform a DPD calibration based on one or more corresponding link parameters. For example, in some implementations, the optimal communication chain 210 can be selected based on the EVM, the MCS, the output power level in the corresponding PA 214, or any other link parameter. suitable. In some implementations, a DPD calibration can be performed for the optimal communication chain and the predistortion parameters that are calibrated for the optimal communication chain can be used for each of the communication chains 210. For example, the first predistortion parameters can be provided to the second predistortion circuit 212b and the third predistortion circuit 212c to predistort the second signal and the third signal, respectively.
[0132] FIG. 2 illustrates an implementation of the MIMO transceiver 217 with multiple communication strings 210 and DPD calibration strings 218. In another implementation, the MIMO transceiver 217 may include exactly one communication string 210 and one DPD calibration string 218. In such an implementation, the string isolator circuit 222 can be omitted from the DPD circuit 220. Alternatively or additionally, the chain isolator circuit 222 may be omitted from the DPD circuit 220 where the MIMO transceiver 217 includes two or more communication chains 210 and where the MIMO transceiver 217 operates the communication chains 210 one of each. time, along with a corresponding DPD calibration string 218 during a DPD calibration.
[0134] FIG. 3 illustrates another illustrative MIMO transceiver 330 that may be implemented in the environment 100 of FIG. 1, in accordance with at least one implementation described in the present disclosure. MIMO transceiver 330 may correspond to MIMO transceiver 102 of FIG. 1. MIMO transceiver 330 may include communication strings 210. As indicated by the ellipsis and the N-th communication string 210n in FIG. 3, the MIMO transceiver 330 may include any suitable number of communication strings 210.
[0136] The MIMO transceiver 330 may include a DPD calibration string 331. The DPD calibration chain 331 may receive signals to perform a DPD calibration from each of the communication chains 210. For example, the DPD calibration chain 331 may receive the first signal and the second signal at the first frequency and amplified power level through couplers 232. As indicated by the ellipsis and the N-th coupler 232n In Figure 3, the MIMO transceiver 330 may include any suitable number of couplers 232.
[0138] An example of DPD calibration and DPD application involving the first communication chain 210a and the DPD calibration chain 331 of FIG. 3 will be discussed below. The first communication chain 210a can generate the first signal at the first frequency. The first PA 214a can amplify the power level of the first signal from the initial power level to the amplified power level. The first communication module 216a can receive the first signal at the first frequency and the amplified power level.
[0140] In some implementations, the first coupler 232a may couple the first communication chain 210a to the DPD calibration chain 331. For example, the first coupler 232a may couple the first communication module 216a to the data converter circuit 333 of the DPD calibration string 331. In some implementations, a variable attenuator (not illustrated in FIG. 3) may be coupled between the first coupler 232a and the data converter circuit 333. The variable attenuator can receive the first signal at the first frequency and the amplified power level from the first coupler 232a. The variable attenuator can reduce the power level of the first signal at the first frequency to the intermediate power level.
[0142] The data converter circuit 333 can receive the first signal at the first frequency and the intermediate power level through the first coupler 232a.
[0143] The data converter circuit 333 can generate the first sample signal at the baseband frequency and amplified power level in the same or similar manner as discussed above in connection with the first data converter circuit 228a of the Figure 2. Buffer 335 can receive and buffer the first sample signal at the baseband frequency and amplified power level.
[0145] String isolator circuit 222 may receive the first sample signal at the baseband frequency and amplified power level from buffer 335. String isolator circuit 222 may also receive the first signal at baseband frequency and the initial power level (eg, before amplification by the first PA 214a). The string isolator circuit 222 can provide the first signal at the baseband frequency and the initial power level to the inverter circuit 226. In addition, the string isolator circuit 222 can provide the first sample signal at the baseband frequency and the power level amplified to inverter circuit 226. Inverter circuit 226 can calibrate the first predistortion parameters in the same or similar manner as the first predistortion parameters discussed above in connection with FIG. 2.
[0147] An example of DPD calibration and DPD application involving the second communication chain 210b and the DPD calibration chain 331 will now be discussed. The string selector circuit 219, in response to the calibration of the first predistortion parameters, may provide a control signal to the communication strings 210. The control signal may indicate that the first communication chain 210a is to stop generating the first signal. Furthermore, the control signal may indicate that the second communication chain 210b is going to start generating the second signal at the first frequency.
[0148] The second communication chain 210b can generate the second signal at the first frequency. The second PA 214b can amplify the power level of the second signal at the first frequency to the amplified power level. The second communication module 216b can receive the second signal at the amplified power level from the second PA 214b.
[0150] In some implementations, the second coupler 232b may couple the second communication chain 210b to the DPD calibration chain 331. For example, the second coupler 232b may couple the second communication module 216b to the data converter circuit 333. In some implementations, another variable attenuator (not illustrated in Figure 3) may be coupled between the second coupler 232b and the data converter circuit 333. The variable attenuator can receive the second signal at the first frequency and the amplified power level from the second coupler 232b. The variable attenuator can variably reduce the power level of the second signal at the first frequency to an intermediate power level.
[0152] The DPD calibration chain 331 and, specifically, the data converter circuit 333, can receive the second signal at the first frequency and the intermediate power level through the second coupler 232b.
[0154] The data converter circuit 333 can generate the second sample signal at the baseband frequency and the amplified power level in a manner the same or similar to that discussed above in relation to the first sample signal generated by the first Data converter circuit 228a of FIG. 2. Buffer 335 may receive and buffer the second sample signal at the baseband frequency and amplified power level.
[0156] The string isolator circuit 222 may receive the second sample signal at the baseband frequency and the amplified power level from the buffer 335. The string isolator circuit 222 may also receive the second signal at the baseband frequency and the initial power level (eg, before amplification by the second PA 214b). The string isolator circuit 222 can provide the second signal at the baseband frequency and the initial power level to the inverter circuit 226. In addition, the string isolator circuit 222 can provide the second sample signal at the baseband frequency and the power level amplified to inverter circuit 226. Inverter circuit 226 can calibrate the second predistortion parameters in the same or similar manner as the first predistortion parameters discussed above in relation to FIG. 2.
[0158] In some implementations, string isolator circuit 222 may receive a combined signal from DPD calibration string 331. The combined signal may include a combination of two or more of the first signal, the second signal, or any other signal at the first frequency to perform a DPD calibration. String isolator circuit 222 can isolate the different signals included in the combined signal. In some implementations, the combined signal can be used to simultaneously perform a DPD calibration for two or more communication chains 210. In other implementations, the combined signal can be used to perform a DPD calibration for a subsequent communication chain without stopping the transmission of the signal from the communication chain 210 for which a DPD calibration was previously being performed. For example, if a DPD calibration was previously being performed for the first communication chain 210a and a DPD calibration is to be performed for the second communication chain 210b, the chain isolator circuit 222 may allow the first communication chain 210a to Communication continues to transmit the first signal while the second communication chain 210b transmits the second signal.
[0160] To isolate the different signals, the chain isolator circuit 222 can monitor the different signals at initial power levels. In addition, the chain isolator circuit 222 can scale the various signals relative to the initial power levels and subtract the scaled signals from the combined signal, except for the scaled signal corresponding to the communication chain 210 for the one that is performing a DPD calibration (eg, may generate a subtracted signal). String isolator circuit 222 can provide the subtracted signal to inverter circuit 226. Inverter circuit 226 can calibrate the corresponding predistortion parameters using the subtracted signal in a manner the same or similar to calibrating the first predistortion parameters using the first signal. discussed above in relation to Figure 2.
[0161] FIG. 3 illustrates an implementation of the MIMO transceiver 330 with multiple communication chains 210. In another implementation, the MIMO transceiver 330 can include exactly one communication chain 210. In such an implementation, the string isolator circuit 222 can be omitted from the DPD circuit 220. Alternatively or additionally, the chain isolator circuit 222 may be omitted from the DPD circuit 220 where the MIMO transceiver 330 includes two or more communication chains 210 and where the MIMO transceiver 330 operates the communication chains 210 one of each. time, during a DPD calibration.
[0163] FIG. 4 illustrates yet another illustrative MIMO transceiver 435 that may be implemented in the environment 100 of FIG. 1, in accordance with at least one implementation described in the present disclosure. The MIMO transceiver 435 may correspond to the MIMO transceiver 102 of FIG. 1. The MIMO transceiver 435 may include the communication strings 210. As indicated by the ellipsis and the N-th communication string 210n in FIG. 4, the MIMO transceiver 435 may include any suitable number of communication strings 210.
[0165] The MIMO transceiver 435 may also include the DPD calibration string 331. The MIMO transceiver 435 may include a first antenna 434a, a second antenna 434b, and an N-th antenna 434n (collectively referred to herein as "antennas 434"). As indicated by the ellipsis and the N-th antenna 434n in Figure 4, the MIMO transceiver 435 may include any suitable number of antennas 434. The first antenna 434a may be coupled to the first communication chain 210a. Furthermore, the second antenna 434b can be coupled to the second communication chain 210b. The MIMO transceiver may include a DPD antenna 436 coupled to the DPD calibration chain 331. In some implementations, the DPD antenna 436 may couple the first antenna 434a and the second antenna 434b to the DPD calibration string 331 using over-the-air (over-the-air - OTA) coupling.
[0166] In some implementations, the first antenna 434a may receive the first signal at the first frequency and the amplified power level from the first communication module 216a. The first antenna 434a can wirelessly transmit the first signal at the first frequency and the amplified power level. The DPD antenna 436 can wirelessly receive the first signal at the first frequency and the amplified power level. The data converter circuit 333 can receive the first signal at the first frequency and the amplified power level through the DPD antenna 436. The DPD calibration chain 331 may generate the first sample signal based on the first signal received from the DPD antenna 436 in the same or similar manner as discussed above in connection with FIG. 2.
[0168] In some implementations, the second antenna 434b can receive the second signal at the first frequency and the amplified power level from the second communication module 216b. The second antenna 434b can wirelessly transmit the second signal at the first frequency and the amplified power level. The DPD antenna 436 can wirelessly receive the second signal at the first frequency and the amplified power level. The data converter circuit 333 can receive the second signal at the first frequency and the amplified power level through the DPD antenna 436. The DPD calibration chain 331 may generate the second sample signal based on the second signal received from the DPD antenna 436 in the same or similar manner as discussed above in connection with FIG. 2.
[0170] In some implementations, the DPD antenna 436 can wirelessly receive the combined signal at the first frequency and the amplified power level. The data converter circuit 333 can receive the combined signal at the first frequency and the amplified power level through the DPD antenna 436. The DPD calibration chain 331 may generate the first sample signal and / or the second sample signal based on the combined signal received from the DPD antenna 436 in the same or similar manner as discussed above in connection with figure 2.
[0172] FIG. 4 illustrates an implementation of the MIMO transceiver 435 with multiple communication chains 210. In another implementation, the MIMO transceiver 435 may include exactly one communication chain 210. In such an implementation, the string isolator circuit 222 can be omitted from the DPD circuit 220. Alternatively or additionally, the chain isolator circuit 222 may be omitted from the DPD circuit 220 where the MIMO transceiver 435 includes two or more communication chains 210 and where the MIMO transceiver 435 operates the communication chains 210 one of each. time, during a DPD calibration.
[0174] FIG. 5A illustrates an illustrative data converter circuit 548 that may be implemented in the MIMO transceiver 102 of FIG. 1, according to at least one implementation described in the present disclosure. Data converter circuit 548 may correspond to data converter circuits 228 and 333 of Figures 2-4. The data converter circuit 548 may include one or more than one direct analog to digital converter (ADC) 540, a frequency shifter circuit 542, a spectrum inversion circuit 543, a finite impulse filter 544 response (finite impulse response - FIR) and / or a downsampling circuit 546.
[0175] The Direct ADC 540 can receive the calibration signals at the first frequency. For example, the direct ADC 540 can receive the first signal and the second signal at the first frequency. In some implementations, the direct ADC 540 can receive the calibration signals at the first frequency and the amplified power level. In other implementations, the direct ADC 540 can receive the calibration signals at the first frequency and the intermediate power level.
[0177] The direct ADC 540 (eg, a direct frequency first ADC) can convert calibration signals from analog signals to digital signals. For example, the direct ADC 540 can sample the calibration signals using the sample rate based on the baseband frequency. The direct ADC 540 can collect the sample of the first portion of the calibration signals within the signal period of the calibration signals. The direct ADC 540 can increment the sample point to collect the sample from the second portion of the calibration signals within the later period of the calibration signals. This process can be repeated until the samples of each portion of the calibration signals can be folded together to represent the entire cycle of the calibration signals. The direct ADC 540 can generate the sample signals based on sampling the calibration signals as digital signals at an intermediate frequency.
[0179] In some implementations, the sampling rate can be determined based on a Nyquist requirement of the calibration signals and the corresponding harmonics generated by the non-linearity of the power amplifier 214. For example, if the calibration signals include a bandwidth of eighty MHz at a frequency of 5,500 MHz, an overall distorted signal bandwidth of the calibration signal can be two hundred and forty MHz if third-party non-linearity is considered. order. In this example, a minimum sample rate can be 240 MHz. In some implementations, the sample rate can be increased to ensure that all signals are sampled within a single Nyquist zone.
[0181] Frequency shifter circuit 542 can be communicatively coupled to direct ADC 540. Frequency shifter circuit 542 can receive the sample signals at the intermediate frequency as digital signals. Frequency shifter circuit 542 may shift a carrier frequency component of the sample signals. For example, frequency shifter circuit 542 can shift the sample signals to the baseband frequency.
[0182] In some implementations, the spectrum inversion circuit 543 may be communicatively coupled to the frequency shifter circuit 542. The spectrum inversion circuit 543 can receive the sample signal at the baseband frequency. Spectrum inversion circuit 543 can compensate for spectral inversion that occurs within frequency shifter circuit 542 if a band of the sample signal is in a uniform Nyquist zone. In some implementations, the spectrum inversion circuit 543 circuit may be omitted.
[0184] The FIR filter 544 can be communicatively coupled to the spectrum inversion circuit 543. The FIR filter 544 can receive the sample signals at the baseband frequency. The FIR filter 544 can filter out portions of the sample signals at the baseband frequency. For example, the FIR filter 544 can filter out out-of-band portions of the sample signals.
[0186] The downsampling circuit 546 can be communicatively coupled to the FIR filter 544. The downsampling circuit 546 may downsample the sample signals at the baseband frequency (e.g., it may apply decimation to the sample signals to obtain an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing signal). orthogonal frequency - OFDM]). In some implementations, the downsampling circuit 546 may downsample the sample signals at the same time. baseband frequency at Nyquist sample rate. In these and other implementations, the Nyquist sample rate can be based on the baseband frequency or the first frequency.
[0188] FIG. 5B illustrates another illustrative data converter circuit 548 that may be implemented in the MIMO transceiver 102 of FIG. 1, in accordance with at least one implementation described in the present disclosure. Data converter circuit 548 may correspond to data converter circuits 228 and 333 of Figures 2-4. Data converter circuit 548 may include one or more than one Nyquist sample rate ADC 550 and / or frequency shifter circuit 542.
[0190] The Nyquist Sample Rate ADC 550 can convert calibration signals from analog signals to digital signals. For example, the Nyquist Sample Rate ADC 550 can sample the calibration signals using the sample rate based on the baseband frequency. In some implementations, the Nyquist sample rate ADC 550 can sample the calibration signals at the Nyquist sample rate. In these and other implementations, the Nyquist sample rate can be based on the baseband frequency or the first frequency. The Nyquist Sample Rate ADC 550 can collapse the calibration signals at the first frequency to overlap with the sample signals at the intermediate frequency. In some implementations, the Nyquist sample rate ADC 550 can fold-distort the calibration signals to obtain the OFDM signal. Spectrum collapse distortion refers to signal distortion and spectral collapse caused by sample rates below the Nyquist rate requirement of a signal at RF frequencies. In at least some implementations described herein, fold-back distortion is deliberately used to create fold-back distortions of the low-frequency spectrum of a loopback signal by taking advantage of the band-pass nature of the signal.
[0192] The frequency shifter circuit 542 can receive the sample signals at the intermediate frequency as digital signals. Frequency shifter circuit 542 can shift the carrier frequency component of the sample signals. For example, frequency shifter circuit 542 can shift the sample signals to the baseband frequency.
[0194] FIG. 6 illustrates an illustrative DPD circuit 220, DPD calibration chain 654, and communication chain 652 that may be implemented in the MIMO transceiver 102 of FIG. 1, according to at least one implementation described in the present disclosure. Communication chain 652 may correspond to communication chains 210 of Figures 2-4. Similarly, DPD calibration string 654 may correspond to DPD calibration strings 218 and 331 of Figures 2-4.
[0196] Communication chain 652 may include one or more of a first baseband circuit 650a, converter circuit 653, and / or communication module 672. The first baseband circuit 650a and communication module 672 may correspond to converter circuits 215 and communication modules 216 of Figures 2-4, respectively. The communication chain 652 may transmit calibration signals to perform a DPD calibration or signals representative of data to be received by the computing devices 105. In addition, the communication chain 652 can be configured to receive signals representative of data from the computing devices 105.
[0198] Next, an example of generation and processing of the calibration signals by the communication chain 652 to perform a DPD calibration and a DPD application will be discussed. A transmission calibration buffer 660 can receive and buffer an internal calibration signal at the baseband frequency (eg, the first signal, the second signal, or the third signal). A transmit MUX 658 can selectively provide the internal calibration signal at the baseband frequency or the representative data signals at the baseband frequency. In particular, the transmit MUX 658 may select that an output from the transmit calibration buffer 660 or predistorter circuit 212 be output for further processing. During the performance of a DPD calibration, the transmit MUX 658 can provide the internal calibration signal at the baseband frequency to a digital to analog converter (DAC) 662. The DAC 662 can convert the internal calibration signal at the baseband frequency of a digital signal into an analog signal (eg, you can generate an internal analog calibration signal). In some implementations, the DAC 662 can generate a first component and a second component of the internal calibration signal. For example, the DAC 662 may include two internal DACs that each generate a different one of the first component and the second component of the internal calibration signal. In these and other implementations, the first and second components of the internal calibration signal can be real and imaginary portions of the internal analog calibration signal.
[0200] A first transmit filter 664a and a second transmit filter 664b (collectively referred to herein as "transmit filters 664") may receive the first and second components of the internal calibration signal from DAC 662, respectively. The transmit filters 664 can be configured to filter out portions of the first and second components of the internal calibration signal. For example, in some implementations, the transmit filters 664 can be configured to filter out noise from the first and second components of the internal calibration signal. In some implementations, the transmit filters 664 may include band-pass filters, low-pass filters, high-pass filters, or any other suitable filter.
[0202] A first transmit variable amplifier 666a and a second transmit variable amplifier 666b (collectively referred to herein as "transmit variable amplifiers 666") can receive the first and second components of the internal calibration signal at an initial power level. from transmit filters 664, respectively. The transmission variable amplifiers 666 can be configured to provide variable gain to the first and second components of the internal calibration signal. The transmit variable amplifiers 666 can amplify the first and second components of the internal calibration signals to a first power level.
[0204] A first transmit mixer 668a and a second transmit mixer 668b (collectively referred to herein as "transmit mixers 338") may receive the first and second components of the internal calibration signal at the first power level, respectively. In some implementations, the transmitting mixers 668 may also receive an offset signal at an offset frequency. The offset frequency can be equal to a frequency difference of the baseband frequency and the first frequency. The transmit mixers 668 can upconvert the first and second components of the internal calibration signal from the baseband frequency to the first frequency using the offset signal. For example, the first transmit mixer 668a may upconvert the first component of the internal calibration signal to the first frequency. As another example, the second transmit mixer 668b may upconvert the second component of the internal calibration signal to the first frequency. In some embodiments, the first and second components of the internal calibration signal can be upconverted by quadrature components of RF voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs).
[0205] An adder 670 can receive the first and second components of the internal calibration signal at the first frequency and the first power level. The adder 670 can combine the first and second components of the internal calibration signal into the internal analog calibration signal at the first frequency and the first power level. For example, the adder 670 can mix the first and second components of the internal calibration signal into a single RF waveform. The PA 214 can receive and amplify the internal analog calibration signal at the first frequency. For example, the PA 214 can amplify the internal analog calibration signal at the first frequency at a second power level (e.g., it can amplify the internal calibration signal at the first frequency at an operating power level of the PA 214 ). The PA 214 can provide non-linear amplification for which predistortion parameters can be calibrated to compensate.
[0207] An external amplifier 675 can amplify the internal analog calibration signal at the first frequency. For example, the external amplifier 675 can amplify the internal calibration signal at the first frequency at a third power level. In some implementations, external amplifier 675 may be omitted. In other implementations, external amplifier 675 can provide variable amplification. When the external amplifier 675 is included and it is a PA, the DPD calibration can account for the non-linearities introduced by both the PA 214 and the external amplifier 675.
[0209] A switch 676 can selectively transition between a transmit position and a receive position. In the transmit position, the communication chain 652 may be in the transmit mode. In the receive position, the communication chain 652 may be in the receive mode. The switch 676 can receive the internal analog calibration signal at the first frequency and the third power level from the external amplifier 675. In addition, the switch 676, in the transmit position, can provide the internal analog calibration signal to the first frequency and the third power level to coupler 232.
[0211] The coupler 232 can provide the internal analog calibration signal at the first frequency and the third power level to an attenuator 678. In some implementations, the attenuator 678 can variably reduce a power level of the internal analog calibration signal to the first frequency. The attenuator 678 can be used to attenuate the internal analog calibration signal to a power level that can accommodate a voltage swing of the data converter 228. In some implementations, attenuator 678 may be omitted. For example, coupler 232 may have sufficient attenuation built into itself such that its output power level can match the voltage swing of data converter 228 without attenuation. any additional.
[0213] In some implementations, the third power level of the internal analog calibration signal emitted by coupler 232 can be determined based on an insertion loss of components in communication module 672 and / or DPD calibration chain 654. Amplifying the internal calibration signal to the third power level to compensate for insertion loss of components in communication module 672 and / or DPD calibration chain 654 can cause the receive portion to be configured as a linear receiver.
[0215] The data converter circuit 228 can receive the internal calibration signal at the first frequency and the third power level. The data converter circuit 228 can convert the internal calibration signal to a digital signal. In addition, the data converter circuit 228 can sample the internal calibration signal. In some implementations, the data converter circuit 228 may sample the internal calibration signal at the first frequency using the sample rate based on the baseband frequency. Circuit 228 Data converter can generate a sample signal at the baseband frequency and the third power level based on the sampling of the internal calibration signal.
[0217] A receive sample buffer 684 may buffer the sample signal. In addition, the receive sample buffer 684 may provide the amplified level sample signal (eg, a buffered sample signal) to string isolator circuit 222. String isolator circuit 222 and / or inverter circuit 226 may calibrate predistortion parameters based on the buffered sample signal as discussed above in connection with FIG. 2.
[0219] The inverter circuit 226 can provide the predistortion parameters to the predistortion circuit 212. The predistortion circuit 212 can predistort downstream signals based on the predistortion parameters. For example, predistorter circuit 212 may predistort representative data signals received from a transmit output circuit 656. The first baseband circuit 650a, the converter circuit 653, and the communication module 672 can process the data representative signals in the same or similar manner as the calibration signals. Additionally, an antenna 677 can wirelessly receive signals representative of the data to computing devices 105.
[0221] FIG. 7 illustrates an illustrative environment 700 that includes a WAP 701 and STAs 703a, 703b, according to at least one implementation described in the present disclosure. Each of the WAPs 701 and STAs 703a, 703b respectively includes a first MIMO transceiver 707a, a second MIMO transceiver 707b, or a third MIMO transceiver 707c (collectively referred to herein as MIMO transceivers 707). Each of the MIMO transceivers 707 may correspond to the MIMO transceivers 102, 217, 330, and 435 of Figures 1-4.
[0223] The first MIMO transceiver 707a may include a clear-to-send circuit 709. Although not illustrated in Figure 7, one or the other or both of the second and third MIMO transceivers 707b, 707c may include similar CTS circuitry. The CTS circuit 709 can transmit a CTS signal to itself. The CTS signal to oneself can reserve a period of time for the first MIMO transceiver 707a to perform a DPD using the communication chains 210 (not illustrated in FIG. 7). In some implementations, the CTS signal to oneself may indicate a period of time when the second MIMO transceiver 707b and / or the third MIMO transceiver 707c will not wirelessly transmit signals at least on the first frequency. Reserving the length of time for the first MIMO transceiver 707a to perform a DPD can avoid uplink interference caused by signals transmitted by the second MIMO transceiver 707b or the third MIMO transceiver 707c.
[0225] FIG. 8 Illustrates a flow chart of an illustrative method 800 of operation of a MIMO transceiver, according to at least one implementation described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the MIMO transceiver method of operation may allow a DPD for the communication strings to be performed using direct sampling. Method 800 can be performed by any suitable system, apparatus or device with respect to a DPD for the communication strings within the MIMO transceiver. For example, the MIMO transceivers 102, 217, 330, 435, and 707 of Figures 1-4 and 7 can perform or direct the performance of one or more of the operations associated with method 800 with respect to a DPD for strings. 210 communication. Although illustrated with discrete blocks, the steps and operations associated with one or more of the method 800 blocks can be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the particular implementation.
[0226] The method 800 can include a block 802, in which a signal can be generated at a first frequency. In some implementations, the signal at the first frequency can be generated by a first communication chain of the MIMO transceiver. For example, the signal at the first frequency can be transmitted wirelessly from the first communication module 216a of FIG. 2. In these and other implementations, the first communication chain may include a predistortion circuit that accepts predistortion parameters to predistort signals before transmission. For example, the first predistortion circuit 212a of FIG. 2 may accept the first predistortion parameters to predistort signals prior to transmission. In some implementations, the first communication chain may include a PA that amplifies the signals from the first communication chain prior to transmission. For example, the first PA 214a of FIG. 2 may amplify the signals prior to transmission by the first communication module 216a.
[0228] At block 804, the signal can be sampled at the first frequency. In some implementations, the signal at the first frequency can be sampled using a sample rate based on a baseband frequency. For example, the signal may be sampled by the first data converter circuit 228a of FIG. 2. At block 806, a sample signal may be generated. In some implementations, the sample signal may be generated by the first data converter circuit 228a of FIG. 2. At block 808, the sample signal may be buffered at the baseband frequency. For example, the sample signal can be buffered at the baseband frequency by the first buffer 213a of FIG. 2.
[0230] At block 810, the predistortion parameters can be calibrated. In some implementations, the predistortion parameters can be calibrated based on the buffered signal. In these and other implementations, the predistortion parameters can be calibrated to compensate for non-linearity in the amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain. For example, the first predistortion parameters can be calibrated by the DPD circuit 220 of FIG. 2 to compensate for non-linearity in the amplification provided by the first PA 214a.
[0231] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to Method 800 without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, the operations of method 800 can be implemented in a different order. Additionally or alternatively, two or more method 800 operations may be performed at the same time. In addition, the described operations and actions of the 800 method are only provided as examples, and some of the operations and actions may be optional, combined into fewer operations and actions, or extended to additional operations and actions without detracting from the essence of the implementations. described. Also, in some implementations, method 800 can be performed iteratively, where one or more operations can be performed for multiple communication chains at the MIMO transceiver.
[0233] Portions of the detailed description are presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations within a computer. These algorithmic descriptions and symbolic representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing techniques to convey the essence of their innovations to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is a series of configured operations that lead to a desired end result or state. In illustrative implementations, the operations performed require physical manipulations of tangible quantities to achieve a tangible result.
[0235] Unless specifically stated otherwise, as is evident from the analysis, it is appreciated that throughout the description, analyzes using terms such as detect, determine, analyze, identify, explore or similar, may include the actions and processes of a computer system or other information processing device that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the records and memories of the computer system into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the memories or records of the computer system or other information storage, transmission or display devices.
[0237] Illustrative implementations may also refer to apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may include one or more general purpose computers selectively activated or reconfigured by one or more computer programs. Such computer programs can be stored on a computer-readable medium, such as a computer-readable storage medium or a computer-readable signal medium. Such computer-readable media can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media may include non-transient computer-readable storage media, including Random Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM), or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, or other media devices. magnetic storage, flash memory devices (e.g. solid-state memory devices), or any other storage medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures; and which can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. Combinations of the above may also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
[0239] Computer-executable instructions may include, for example, instructions and data that cause a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or a special-purpose processing device (eg, one or more processors) to perform or control the performance of a certain function or group of functions. Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to the structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter set forth in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Instead, the specific features and acts described above are described as illustrative forms of implementation of the claims.
[0241] An illustrative apparatus may include a Wireless Access Point (WAP) or station and incorporate a VLSI processor and program code to support the same. An illustrative transceiver is coupled via an integral modem to a core cable, fiber, or digital subscriber connection to the Internet to support wireless communications, e.g. For example, IEEE 802.11 compliant communications over a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The WiFi phase includes a baseband phase and the analog front end (AFE) and radio frequency (RF) phases. Wireless communications transmitted to or received from each user / client / station are processed in the baseband portion. The AFE and RF portion handles upconversion on each of the transmission paths of baseband initiated wireless transmissions. The RF portion also handles the down-conversion of received signals on the receive paths and passes them for further processing to the baseband.
[0242] An illustrative apparatus may be a MIMO apparatus that supports as many as NxN discrete communication streams through N antennas. In one example, the MIMO appliance signal processing units can be implemented as NxN. In various implementations, the value of N can be 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, etc. An extended MIMO operation enables the use of up to 2N antennas in communication with another similarly equipped wireless system. It should be noted that extended MIMO systems can communicate with other wireless systems even if the systems do not have the same number of antennas, but some of the antennas from one of the stations might not be used, reducing optimal performance.
[0244] A CSI can be extracted from any of the communication links described herein, regardless of changes related to the channel state parameters, and used for network spatial diagnostic services, such as motion detection, detection of proximity and location, which can be used, for example, in WLAN diagnostics, home security, health care monitoring, intelligent control of household utilities, elderly care and the like.
[0245] Unless the specific arrangements described herein are mutually exclusive of each other, the various implementations described herein can be combined to improve system functionality and / or to produce complementary functions. Such combinations will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art, given the entirety of the foregoing description. Similarly, aspects of implementations can be implemented in separate layouts, where more limited and therefore specific component functionality is provided within each of the system components, which are interconnected and therefore , interact, although, in short, they support, perform and produce the effect or effects described in the real world. In fact, it will be understood that, unless characteristics in particular implementations are expressly identified as incompatible with each other or the surrounding context implies that they are mutually exclusive and not easily combinable in a complementary and / or supportive sense, the entirety of this The description contemplates and anticipates that specific features of these complementary implementations can be selectively combined to provide one or more comprehensive but slightly different technical solutions. Therefore, it will be appreciated that the foregoing description has been given by way of example only and that modifications can be made in detail within the scope of the present invention.
[0247] The technology object of the present invention is illustrated, for example, according to various aspects described below. Various examples of aspects of the subject technology are described as numbered examples (1, 2, 3, etc.) for convenience of use. These are provided as examples and do not limit the subject technology. It is noted that any of the dependent examples, or portions thereof, can be combined in any combination, and placed in a separate example, e.g. eg, Examples 1 and 13. The other examples may be presented similarly. The following is a non-limiting summary of some examples presented herein.
[0249] Example 1. A multiple input multiple output (multiple inputs and multiple outputs - MIMO) transceiver configured for a digital pre-distortion (DPD) calibration, comprising the MIMO transceiver:
[0250] a first communication chain configured to generate a signal at a first frequency, the first communication chain comprising a predistortion circuit configured to accept predistortion parameters to predistort signals and a power amplifier (PA) configured to amplify the signals of the first chain of communication;
[0251] a DPD calibration chain configured to receive the signal at the first frequency, the DPD calibration chain comprising:
[0252] a data converter configured to perform operations that include: sampling the signal at the first frequency using a sampling rate based on a baseband frequency, the baseband frequency being less than the first frequency; and
[0253] generating a sample signal at the baseband frequency based on sampling the signal;
[0254] a buffer configured to buffer the sample signal at the baseband frequency; and
[0255] a DPD circuit configured to calibrate predistortion parameters based on the buffered sample signal to compensate for non-linearity in amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain.
[0257] Example 2. The MIMO transceiver of example 1, wherein the data converter comprises: a first direct frequency analog to digital converter (ADC) configured to perform the sampling and generation operations;
[0258] a frequency shifter circuit communicatively coupled to the first forward frequency ADC and configured to shift the intermediate frequency of the received sample signal from the first forward ADC to the baseband frequency;
[0259] a spectrum inversion circuit communicatively coupled to the frequency shifter circuit and configured to compensate for the spectral inversion that occurs in the sample signal received from the frequency shifter circuit;
[0260] a finite impulse response filter (FIR) communicatively coupled to the spectrum inversion circuit and configured to filter out-of-band portions of the sample signal received from the frequency shifter circuit at the baseband frequency; and
[0261] a downsampling circuit communicatively coupled to the FIR filter and configured to downsample the sample signal received from the FIR filter at a Nyquist sampling rate.
[0263] Example 3. The MIMO transceiver of example 1, where the data converter comprises: a Nyquist sample rate analog to digital converter (ADC) configured to:
[0264] sampling the signal at the first frequency using the sampling rate based on the baseband frequency; and
[0265] collapsing the spectrum the signal at the first frequency to overlap with the sample signal at an intermediate frequency; and
[0266] a frequency shifter circuit communicatively coupled to the Nyquist sample rate ADC and configured to offset the intermediate frequency of the received sample signal from the Nyquist sample rate ADC to the baseband frequency.
[0268] Example 4. The MIMO transceiver of Example 1, where the first communication chain is coupled to a first antenna and the DPD calibration chain is coupled to a second antenna, the second antenna configured to wirelessly receive the signal to the first frequency from the first antenna and configured the DPD calibration chain to receive the signal at the first frequency from the second antenna.
[0270] Example 5. The MIMO transceiver of Example 1, further comprising a clear-tosend (release to send - CTS) circuit configured to transmit a CTS signal to oneself to other MIMO transceivers within an operating environment of the MIMO transceiver. MIMO, reserving the CTS signal to oneself a length of time for the MIMO transceiver to perform a DPD calibration using the first communication chain and the DPD calibration chain.
[0271] Example 6. The MIMO transceiver in Example 1, where:
[0272] the signal comprises a first signal;
[0273] the predistortion parameters comprise first predistortion parameters; the predistorter circuit comprises a first predistortion circuit;
[0274] the PA comprises a first PA;
[0275] the MIMO transceiver further comprises a second communication chain configured to transmit a second signal at the first frequency;
[0276] the second chain of communication comprises
[0277] a second predistortion circuit configured to accept second predistortion parameters to predistort signals; and
[0278] a second PA configured to amplify the signals from the second communication chain; the DPD calibration chain is further configured to receive a combined signal that includes the first signal and the second signal at the first frequency; and
[0279] the DPD circuit is further configured to:
[0280] isolating the first signal and the second signal from the combined signal; and
[0281] calibrating the second predistortion parameters based on the second signal to compensate for non-linearity in the amplification provided by the second PA of the second communication chain.
[0283] Example 7. The MIMO transceiver in Example 1, where:
[0284] the signal comprises a first signal;
[0285] the predistortion parameters comprise first predistortion parameters;
[0286] the predistorter circuit comprises a first predistortion circuit;
[0287] the PA comprises a first PA;
[0288] the MIMO transceiver further comprises a second communication chain configured to transmit a second signal at the first frequency;
[0289] the second chain of communication comprises:
[0290] a second predistortion circuit configured to accept second predistortion parameters to predistort signals; and
[0291] a second PA configured to amplify the signals from the second communication chain; the DPD calibration chain is further configured to receive the second signal at the first frequency;
[0292] the DPD circuit is further configured to calibrate the second predistortion parameters based on the second signal to compensate for non-linearity in the amplification provided by the second PA of the second communication chain; and the MIMO transceiver further comprises a chain selector circuit configured to selectively provide a control signal to the first communication chain and the second communication chain, the control signal indicating which of the first communication chain and the second. Communication chain will generate corresponding signals.
[0293] Example 8. The MIMO transceiver of example 1, where the DPD calibration chain is coupled to an electrically coupled radio frequency (RF) coupler between the PA of the first communication chain and the data converter of the calibration chain DPD, configured the DPD calibration chain to receive the signal at the first frequency from the RF coupler.
[0295] Example 9. The MIMO transceiver of Example 1, where the predistortion circuit uses the predistortion parameters to compensate for the non-linearity in the amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain by predistorting the signals transmitted by the first communication chain of form equal to an additive inverse of the non-linearity in the amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain.
[0297] Example 10. The MIMO transceiver of Example 1, where the DPD calibration chain is configured as a linear receive chain to avoid signal distortion in the DPD calibration chain.
[0298] Example 11. The MIMO transceiver of Example 1, wherein the DPD circuit is further configured to compare a value of a power level of the buffered sample signal with a value of a power level of an expected signal , the predistortion parameters being calibrated based on a difference between the values of the power levels of the buffered sample signal and the expected signal.
[0300] Example 12. The MIMO transceiver of Example 1, wherein the DPD calibration chain further comprises an attenuator configured to reduce a signal power level to the first frequency before the data converter samples the signal.
[0302] Example 13. A method to operate a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) configured for a digital pre-distortion (DPD) calibration, comprising the method:
[0303] generating, by a first communication chain, a signal at a first frequency, the first communication chain comprising a power amplifier (PA amplifier);
[0304] sampling, by a DPD calibration chain, the signal at the first frequency using a sampling rate based on a baseband frequency, the baseband frequency being less than the first frequency;
[0305] generating a sample signal at the baseband frequency based on sampling the signal;
[0306] buffering the sample signal at the baseband frequency; and calibrating predistortion parameters of the first communication chain based on the buffered sample signal to compensate for non-linearity in amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain.
[0308] Calibrating the predistortion parameters of the first communication chain may include calibrating predistortion parameters of a predistortion circuit of the first communication chain. The predistortion circuit can be configured to accept the predistortion parameters for predistorting signals from the first communication chain.
[0310] Example 14. The method of example 13, where generating the sample signal at the baseband frequency comprises:
[0311] generating the sample signal at an intermediate frequency based on sampling the signal; shifting the intermediate frequency of the sample signal to the baseband frequency; compensate for the spectral inversion of the sample signal;
[0312] filtering out-of-band portions of the sample signal at the baseband frequency; and downsampled the sample signal at a Nyquist sampling rate.
[0313] Example 15. The method of example 13, where:
[0314] sampling the signal at the first frequency comprises collapsing the signal at the first frequency to overlap with the sample signal at an intermediate frequency; and
[0315] generating the sample signal at the baseband frequency comprises shifting the intermediate frequency of the sample signal to the baseband frequency.
[0317] Example 16. The method of Example 13, wherein the signal comprises a first signal, the predistortion parameters comprise first predistortion parameters, the AP comprises a first AP, and the method further comprises:
[0318] generating, by a second communication chain, a second signal at the first frequency, the second communication chain comprising a second PA;
[0319] receiving, by the DPD calibration chain, a combined signal including the first signal and the second signal at the first frequency;
[0320] isolating the first signal and the second signal from the combined signal; and
[0321] calibrating second predistortion parameters of the second communication chain based on the second signal to compensate for non-linearity in the amplification provided by the second PA of the second communication chain.
[0323] Example 17. The method of example 13, where:
[0324] the signal comprises a first signal;
[0325] the predistortion parameters comprise first predistortion parameters;
[0326] the PA comprises a first PA;
[0327] the MIMO transceiver further comprises a second communication chain configured to transmit a second signal at the first frequency, the second communication chain comprising a second PA; and
[0328] further comprising the method:
[0329] selectively providing a control signal indicating that the second signal is to be generated;
[0330] receiving, by the DPD calibration chain, the second signal at the first frequency; and calibrating second predistortion parameters of the second communication chain based on the second signal to compensate for non-linearity in the amplification provided by the second PA of the second communication chain.
[0332] Example 18. The method of Example 13, further comprising transmitting a clearto-send signal to oneself to other MIMO transceivers within a MIMO transceiver operating environment, reserving the CTS signal to a duration of time for the MIMO transceiver to perform a DPD calibration using the first communication string and the DPD calibration string.
[0334] Example 19. The method of example 13, where calibrating the predistortion parameters comprises:
[0335] comparing the buffered sample signal with an expected signal; and calibrating the predistortion parameters based on a difference between the buffered sample signal and the expected signal.
[0337] Example 20. The method of Example 13, wherein the signals are predistorted equal to an additive inverse of the non-linearity in the amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain.
[0339] With respect to the use of substantially any plural or singular term herein, those skilled in the art may translate plural to singular or singular to plural as appropriate to the context or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for the sake of clarity. A reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one" unless specifically indicated, but rather "one or more". Furthermore, nothing described herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such description is explicitly recited in the foregoing description.
[0341] In general, the terms used herein and especially in the appended claims (eg, bodies of the appended claims) are intended to be generally "open" terms (eg, the term "that includes ”should be interpreted as“ including, but is not limited to ”, the expression“ that has ”should be interpreted as“ that has at least ”, the term“ includes ”should be interpreted as“ includes, but is not limited a ”, etc.). Furthermore, in those cases where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B and C, etc." is used, in general, such a construction is envisaged in the sense that one skilled in the art would understand the convention (eg, “a system that has at least one of A, B, and C” would include, but not be limited to, systems that include A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, or A, B and C together, etc.). Furthermore, it should be understood that an expression which presents two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, the claims or the drawings, includes one of the terms, one or the other of the terms, or both terms. For example, the term "A or B" will be understood to include the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and B".
[0342] The present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described implementations are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is therefore indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes that fall within the meaning and range of equivalence of the claims are to be considered within their scope.

权利要求:
Claims (1)
[0001]
A multiple input multiple output (multiple inputs and multiple outputs -MIMO) transceiver configured for a digital pre-distortion (DPD) calibration, comprising the MIMO transceiver:
a first communication chain configured to generate a signal at a first frequency, the first communication chain comprising a predistortion circuit configured to accept predistortion parameters to predistort signals and a power amplifier (PA) configured to amplify the signals of the first chain of communication;
a DPD calibration chain configured to receive the signal at the first frequency, the DPD calibration chain comprising:
a data converter configured to perform operations comprising: sampling the signal at the first frequency using a sampling rate based on a baseband frequency, the baseband frequency being less than the first frequency; and
generating a sample signal at the baseband frequency based on sampling the signal;
a buffer configured to buffer the sample signal at the baseband frequency; and
a DPD circuit configured to calibrate predistortion parameters based on the buffered sample signal to compensate for non-linearity in amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain.
The MIMO transceiver of claim 1, wherein the data converter comprises:
a first direct frequency analog to digital converter (ADC) configured to perform the sampling and generation operations; a frequency shifter circuit communicatively coupled to the first forward frequency ADC and configured to shift the intermediate frequency of the received sample signal from the first forward ADC to the baseband frequency;
a spectrum inversion circuit communicatively coupled to the frequency shifter circuit and configured to compensate for the spectral inversion that occurs in the sample signal received from the frequency shifter circuit;
a finite impulse response filter (FIR) communicatively coupled to the spectrum inversion circuit and configured to filter out-of-band portions of the sample signal received from the frequency shifter circuit at the baseband frequency; and
a downsampling circuit communicatively coupled to the FIR filter and configured to downsample the sample signal received from the FIR filter at a Nyquist sampling rate.
The MIMO transceiver of claim 1, wherein the data converter comprises:
a Nyquist sample rate analog to digital converter configured to:
sampling the signal at the first frequency using the sampling rate based on the baseband frequency; and
collapsing the spectrum the signal at the first frequency to overlap with the sample signal at an intermediate frequency; and
a frequency shifter circuit communicatively coupled to the Nyquist sample rate ADC and configured to offset the intermediate frequency of the received sample signal from the Nyquist sample rate ADC to the baseband frequency.
The MIMO transceiver of claim 1, wherein the first communication chain is coupled to a first antenna and the DPD calibration chain is coupled to a second antenna, the second antenna configured to wirelessly receive the signal to the first frequency from the first antenna and configured the DPD calibration chain to receive the signal at the first frequency from the second antenna.
The MIMO transceiver of claim 1, further comprising a clear-to-send circuit configured to transmit a CTS signal to oneself to other MIMO transceivers within an operating environment of the MIMO transceiver. MIMO, reserving the CTS signal to oneself a length of time for the MIMO transceiver to perform a DPD calibration using the first communication chain and the DPD calibration chain.
The MIMO transceiver of claim 1, wherein:
the signal comprises a first signal;
the predistortion parameters comprise first predistortion parameters; the predistorter circuit comprises a first predistortion circuit;
the PA comprises a first PA;
the MIMO transceiver further comprises a second communication chain configured to transmit a second signal at the first frequency;
the second chain of communication comprises:
a second predistortion circuit configured to accept second predistortion parameters to predistort signals; and
a second PA configured to amplify the signals from the second communication chain;
the DPD calibration chain is further configured to receive a combined signal that includes the first signal and the second signal at the first frequency; and the DPD circuit is further configured to:
isolating the first signal and the second signal from the combined signal; and
calibrating the second predistortion parameters based on the second signal to compensate for non-linearity in the amplification provided by the second PA of the second communication chain.
The MIMO transceiver of claim 1, wherein:
the signal comprises a first signal;
the predistortion parameters comprise first predistortion parameters; the predistorter circuit comprises a first predistortion circuit;
the PA comprises a first PA;
the MIMO transceiver further comprises a second communication chain configured to transmit a second signal at the first frequency;
the second chain of communication comprises:
a second predistortion circuit configured to accept second predistortion parameters to predistort signals; and
a second PA configured to amplify the signals from the second communication chain;
the DPD calibration chain is further configured to receive the second signal at the first frequency;
The DPD circuit is further configured to calibrate the second predistortion parameters based on the second signal to compensate for non-linearity in the amplification provided by the second PA of the second communication chain; and
The MIMO transceiver further comprises a chain selector circuit configured to selectively provide a control signal to the first communication chain and the second communication chain, the control signal indicating which of the first communication chain and the second chain communication will generate corresponding signals.
The MIMO transceiver of claim 1, wherein the DPD calibration chain is coupled to an electrically coupled radio frequency (RF) coupler between the PA of the first communication chain and the data converter of the calibration chain. DPD, configured the DPD calibration chain to receive the signal at the first frequency from the RF coupler.
The MIMO transceiver of claim 1, wherein the predistortion circuit uses the predistortion parameters to compensate for non-linearity in the amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain by predistorting the signals transmitted by the first communication chain of form equal to an additive inverse of the non-linearity in the amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain.
The MIMO transceiver of claim 1, wherein the DPD calibration chain is configured as a linear receive chain to avoid signal distortion in the DPD calibration chain.
The MIMO transceiver of claim 1, wherein the DPD circuitry is further configured to compare a value of a power level of the buffered sample signal with a value of a power level of an expected signal. , the predistortion parameters being calibrated based on a difference between the values of the power levels of the buffered sample signal and the expected signal.
The MIMO transceiver of claim 1, wherein the DPD calibration chain further comprises an attenuator configured to reduce a signal power level to the first frequency before the data converter samples the signal.
13. A method for operating a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) configured for a digital predistortion (DPD) calibration, the method comprising:
generating, by a first communication chain, a signal at a first frequency, the first communication chain comprising a power amplifier (PA amplifier);
sampling, by a DPD calibration chain, the signal at the first frequency using a sampling rate based on a baseband frequency, the baseband frequency being less than the first frequency;
generating a sample signal at the baseband frequency based on sampling the signal;
buffering the sample signal at the baseband frequency; and calibrating predistortion parameters of the first communication chain based on the buffered sample signal to compensate for non-linearity in amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain.
The method of claim 13, wherein generating the sample signal at the baseband frequency comprises:
generating the sample signal at an intermediate frequency based on sampling the signal;
shifting the intermediate frequency of the sample signal to the baseband frequency; compensate for the spectral inversion of the sample signal;
filtering out-of-band portions of the sample signal at the baseband frequency; and downsampled the sample signal at a Nyquist sampling rate.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein:
sampling the signal at the first frequency comprises collapsing the signal at the first frequency to overlap with the sample signal at an intermediate frequency; and
generating the sample signal at the baseband frequency comprises shifting the intermediate frequency of the sample signal to the baseband frequency.
The method of claim 13, wherein the signal comprises a first signal, the predistortion parameters comprise first predistortion parameters, the AP comprises a first AP, and the method further comprises:
generating, by a second communication chain, a second signal at the first frequency, the second communication chain comprising a second PA; receiving, by the DPD calibration chain, a combined signal including the first signal and the second signal at the first frequency;
isolating the first signal and the second signal from the combined signal; and
calibrating second predistortion parameters of the second communication chain based on the second signal to compensate for non-linearity in the amplification provided by the second PA of the second communication chain.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein:
the signal comprises a first signal;
the predistortion parameters comprise first predistortion parameters; the PA comprises a first PA;
the MIMO transceiver further comprises a second communication chain configured to transmit a second signal at the first frequency, the second communication chain comprising a second PA; and
further comprising the method:
selectively providing a control signal indicating that the second signal is to be generated;
receiving, by the DPD calibration chain, the second signal at the first frequency; and calibrating second predistortion parameters of the second communication chain based on the second signal to compensate for non-linearity in the amplification provided by the second PA of the second communication chain.
The method of claim 13, further comprising transmitting a clear-tosend signal to oneself to other MIMO transceivers within a MIMO transceiver operating environment, reserving the CTS signal to a duration of time for the MIMO transceiver to perform a DPD calibration using the first communication string and the DPD calibration string.
19. The method of claim 13, wherein calibrating the predistortion parameters comprises:
comparing the buffered sample signal with an expected signal; and
calibrating the predistortion parameters based on a difference between the buffered sample signal and the expected signal.
The method of claim 13, wherein the signals are predistorted equal to an additive inverse of the non-linearity in the amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain.

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US16/776,840|US10911162B1|2020-01-30|2020-01-30|Direct sampling for digital pre-distortion calibration|

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